Jewish cemetery of Endingen-Lengnau
5304 Endingen-Lengnau
Tel.: +41 56 242 15 46
E-mail: jules.bloch@gmx.ch
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From the 17th to the 19th century two villages in the Surbtal, Endingen and Lengnau, were the only places where permanent Jewish communities were permitted on the site of
present-day Switzerland. Until 1800 these villages belonged to the Duchy of Baden and afterwards became a part of the Canton of Argovy. The first mention of Jewish in Lengnau was in May 1622 and in Endingen in 1678. However the purchase of land and the exercise of any kind of handiwork was forbidden the Jews up until the 19th century and as such they existed on peddling, animal trading and building trade. In 1844 there were 44 animal traders in Endingen alone, while Lengnau boasted only 15. In 1850 there were about 1515 jews in both villages, while in the second half of the century their numbers were decimated by Jews moving into the cities after the general emancipation. In 1920, 263 Jews still lived in the two villages, while in 1980 there only remained three families.
In the earliest times, the Jews from these two villages buried their dead in a cemetery on a small island in the Rhine near Koblenz (known as "Judenäule") that the Jews of the Duchy of Baden leased from the German border city of Waldshut. In 1812/13 the Jewish Communities of Lengnau and Endingen were able to purchase the "Judenäule" for all eternity.
However the island was subject to flooding and was desecrated several times until it became unusable. The village Burial Society visited the cemetery once each year on a
particular date to maintain the graves. Towards the end of the 19th century, this work was ceased and since then the graves were untended, the gravestones disintegrated and some stones were even stolen by neighboring farmers to be used for building purposes. In the 1920s there were only three stones left from the years 1690, 1699 and 1708. In
954/55 the Rhine river was regulated and the dead from 80 graves were exhumed and reburied below in the cemetery between Endingen and Lengnau. Also any remining gravestones were placed against the cemetery wall.
burial place of the Jews between Längnau and Endingen" by Johann Caspar Ulrich (1754). In 1750 the Surbtal Jews requested and purchased a plot of land for a cemetery between the 2 communities for 340 Gulden. The oldest graves are in the southeast part of the cemetery in the direction of Lengnau and the plot has been enlarged several times. According to an agreement from the year 1859, the Jewish community of Lengnau owns 2/5 of the land and the Jewish community of Endingen 3/5, while the new land that was purchased in 1963 belongs to the " Association for the Upkeep of the Synagogues and Cemetery of Endingen-Lengnau and consists of 48.64 acres.
The cemetery is unique in that the graves are arranged in a North-South position. Men and women were buried in separate rows, with a total of 2700 persons buried there. On December 19, 1963 the governement of the Canton of Argovy declared this cemetery to be a National Monument. During the pasr years, most of those being buried in this cemetery were occupants of the Swiss Jewish Old Age home in Lengnau.
The cemetery is situated about 1 km outside of Lengnau in the direction of Endingen